By Adrian Higgins
To some minds, the poinsettia is cheapened by its
ubiquity. But somehow that everywhere orchid — the phalaenopsis or moth orchid
— always seems elegant and exotic, even when herded in the big-box store or
supermarket.
Mass cloning techniques and industrial-scale propagation in places like Taiwan have kept the market well-fed with unnamed varieties — big whites, pinky purples and weird bicolors — that seem as abundant and non-seasonal as potatoes. Still, the tree-dwelling jungle plant lends grace to its surroundings, the condo lobby, the swanky restaurant or your kitchen countertop. Does anyone not like a moth orchid?
But this affection, I wager, is accompanied by an
underlying anxiety that we will kill the plant through neglect or abuse.
Getting the most from a moth orchid — eight weeks of bloom and
repeat flowering in a few months — is not difficult but requires method. In
search of the best advice, I traveled to the Floradise Orchids greenhouse of
Janet Cherchuck and Stephen Shifflett in Gordonsville, Va., where the couple
has been raising orchids commercially for more than 30 years. (They sell at two
D.C. farmers markets, regional orchid shows and from their greenhouse 100 miles
south of Washington.)
Moth orchids have light and temperature needs, but the single biggest
reason they crash, said Cherchuck, is through incorrect watering: usually
overwatering, sometimes underwatering, or a combination of the two. Typically,
the roots begin to rot and the leaves grow limp.
Getting it right is complicated by the type of growing
medium used: either a loose mix of pine bark or sphagnum peat moss. In either
case, the orchid should be thoroughly watered and not watered again until
nearly dry. The more densely packed moss takes longer to dry and may need
watering every 10 to 14 days compared with the weekly pine bark watering, but
the timing varies by light levels, warmth and humidity. Use your finger to
probe about an inch into the pot to see if the surface is dry. Another way to
tell: A watered pot feels heavier than one that is dry.
At a sink, run the orchid under a tap of room
temperature water — neither hot nor cold — and let at least a gallon run
through the drain holes to ensure complete saturation. With open-growing media
in free-draining pots, “watering
is about frequency, not quantity,”
said Cherchuck. Feed with a weak soluble fertilizer after watering. It’s okay
to get the leaves wet, but not the flowers. Finally, tip the plant to remove
water from the leaf bases and crown, where the stem meets the roots.
Once the flowers have finished, you can cut to just
above a node to promote a new flowering stem. This will appear in a few weeks
if the plant is happy. This constant blooming, however, will stress the plant,
and the subsequent blooms will be smaller and fewer. If you want to build up
your orchid for long-term cultivation, cut off the flower stem and in June,
place the orchid outside in a shady, sheltered spot away from direct sunlight.
Continue to water and feed as the growing medium dries; don’t rely on rainfall.
The required difference in day and night temperatures outside will encourage
the plant to bloom after you bring it back indoors in early fall.
Small phalaenopsis varieties, with different
bloodlines, can bloom more freely than large hybrids and are a good choice for
apartment dwellers who have no yard for summer care.
Buying a moth orchid
Orchids can become stressed if mishandled or
improperly kept. Orchids in grocery stores tend to be too cold and displayed
close to produce. Nearby apples, bananas or other fruit give off ethylene gas,
which causes the orchid blooms to age prematurely.
Look at the general health of the plant. Look for
fleshy, live roots. The leaves should be green, turgid and the central growth
stem upright. Avoid plants with yellowing tips to the flower stem or with buds
that are falling off. Choose an orchid that has begun to flower, not just in
bud. When stressed, the buds will be small or fail to open.
Repotting
Moth orchid roots are meant to wander out of the pot.
But if the plant is potbound at the base or if the growing mix has broken down
and smells musty, repot the plant. This is best done after flowering in late
spring. Remove all the old mix, cut off shriveled dead roots and use fresh mix.
The roots should occupy about three-quarters of the volume of the new pot —
typically about an inch bigger in diameter than the old pot. Placed in a pot
that is too big, the orchid will suffer root rot. If your orchid is part of a
larger florist’s arrangement, wait for the plant to finish flowering and then
pot it individually in a container of the correct size. Moth orchids do not
grow by rhizomes and do not need to be divided like other orchids.
Bark... or moss?
Bark:
Pros-
Makes for tougher plants. Reduced risk of
overwatering. Easier to see state of roots.
Cons-
Needs watering more often. Harder to tell if it is wet
enough.
Moss:
Pros -
Plants grow larger. Looks attractive. Surface lightens
when it dries out.
Cons-
More prone to waterlogging. Risk of compacting when
repotting. Slight risk of skin disease from moss-borne fungus; wear rubber
gloves.
Temperature and humidity
Typical room temperature is fine, but go no lower than
60 degrees. Raising humidity in winter is a boon to orchid and orchid grower
alike, but correct watering is more important than high humidity. Misting is
unnecessary and may damage the blooms.
Light
Moth orchids like bright, indirect light. Direct
sunlight will turn the leaves pale green or yellowish green and stress the
plant. Insufficient light will cause the upper leaves to be smaller than the
ones below (they should be larger).
Watering
Forget the dainty watering can. Take the orchid to a
sink and run water through the pot thoroughly. This will saturate the medium
and wash out old fertilizer salts. Test dryness with your finger and learn to
judge the watering need by the weight of the pot.
Source of Article: http://www.washingtonpost.com/
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